Diet is the most important component of gastritis treatment.Based on some characteristics of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary in terms of what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, periodically drinks alcohol, smokes and is subjected to frequent severe stress, then he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.It is a disease that causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which leads to a violation of its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms arise, the main of which is a sharp pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or disappears completely, which often leads to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach has different forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You should not only change your diet, decide what you can and cannot eat, but also change the principles of eating itself, regulate it with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What can and what is not permitted in gastritis?
The main differences in the diet will be determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during the diagnosis before therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which occurs most often, you should follow three basic principles:
- Mechanical.It sets a ban on fried foods;in addition, coarse fibers such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and strips of meat are not allowed.
- chemically.It states that you should avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid needed for the digestive process, such as fizzy drinks, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually in the range of 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, then in gastritis this causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food digestion and, accordingly, to increased stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is characterized as acidic, then low-fat types of fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be served as an omelet or soft-boiled, are suitable for eating.In addition, the diet can include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
A diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that promote a greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the feeding procedure.This should be done slowly;it is important to spend at least half a minute chewing a portion of food, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves the secretion of hydrochloric acid when drinking slightly carbonated mineral water;you should drink 200 ml of this water every time before meals.A variety of fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after the meal is over, as snacks are not allowed on the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen lightly, based on the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruit in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages over high acidity.A small amount of chocolate products, light soups and broths, and river fish, mushrooms, and lean meat, including rabbit and beef, are allowed.Milk derivatives are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not consume:
- baking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy foods;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Food rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of exacerbation, a compromise must be found and the body must receive all the necessary nutrients and trace elements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is so inflamed.In this situation, digestion should be assisted as much as possible to make it very fast.To do this, you should try to cut all the food as much as possible and use only boiling or steam for cooking.
It is important that the compiled menu is not only balanced and sparing, but also that you strictly adhere to it, eating food at a strictly defined time every day.The intervals between doses cannot be more than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the exacerbation will only intensify.It cannot be surrendered as it is filled with gastric stasis.In the evening, you should eat no later than three to four hours before going to bed.
Oddly enough, during a period of exacerbation it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridges and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and unconcentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, as their breakdown is very slow.
Menu for the week
Monday and Wednesday:
- Breakfast of oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have steamed cheesecakes for breakfast;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon breakfast - biscuits with light tea;
- Dinner - side dish of pasta with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tue, Thurs, Sat:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- The second time you should have breakfast with a cup of jelly;
- You should have lunch with vegetable broth, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- An afternoon snack of unsweetened light tea with white bread biscuits is allowed;
- For dinner, cottage cheese and compote casserole.
Friday, Sunday:
- You should have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- During the second breakfast, eat cheesecake with tea;
- Lunch of vegetable stew, soup of grated potatoes, jelly;
- Afternoon breakfast - a glass of kefir with biscuits;
- Dinner should be boiled fish with oatmeal on water.
Diet No. 1 for gastritis
Diet No. 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since the restoration of normal digestion and the absence of irritation of the gastric mucosa is very important in the case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the end of the exacerbation phase of the disease.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, since its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;in addition, salt slows down the release of water from the body.
Diet No. 1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed cannot be more than 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in diet No. 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with noodles or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other hard-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should be consumed yesterday, dried and also in the form of biscuits.
In moderate quantities, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, cottage cheese, yogurt, skim milk.
Cannot be consumed on diet #1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- pickles;
- Fish and other canned goods.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive when the action of the disease causes gastric erosion, called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when the erosion of the wall gradually leads to an opening, as a result of which the contents of the stomach enter the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without emergency surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effect of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.So with erosive gastritis it is very important to eat right to slow down and reverse the ulcer formation process.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The foods consumed should minimally irritate the stomach wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You must constantly feed on liquid, warm, pureed food.At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Rejection of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables must be cooked through heat treatment;
- The emphasis in food should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, since there are no symptoms in the early phase of the pathology.Among the few signs of the disease, one can note the presence of belching after fried and fatty foods, which smells very unpleasant.In addition, the inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis are a state of general weakness, brittle legs and hair, and skin problems.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid:
- Black bakery products, baked goods;
- Smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- canned goods;
- Uncooked fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- milk.
Like other gastritis diets, during the atrophic stage, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited.You can boil, steam or bake food to bring it to a ready-to-eat state
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soups based on grated vegetables;
- Various porridges on water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely chopped;
- Derivatives of skimmed milk;
- boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Thermally processed fruits and vegetables;
- oil;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to marmalade, jelly and mousse.